{"refrec":{"BRefID":6967,"RR":"<b>de Zwaan, A.; Cattani, O.; Vitali, G.; Cortesi, P.</b> (2001). Influence of incubation conditions on the anoxic survival of marine bivalves: static and semi-static incubations. <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 211</i>: 169-179","BEntID":6967,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 211</i>: 169-179","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"de Zwaan, A.; Cattani, O.; Vitali, G.; Cortesi, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"de Zwaan, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"In a comparative study of 4 bivalve species we show that the apparent widely different tolerances in survival time observed in a closed system filled with N<sub>2</sub>-gassed seawater is mainly due to the experimental conditions. Both a high dose of cadmium and the antibiotic chloramphenicol increase survival time 2- to 4-fold. Without precautions for bacterial growth, the survival time of the most tolerant species, <i>Scapharca inaequivalvis</i>, is about 4 times longer than that of the most sensitive species, <i>Venus gallina</i>. The other bivalves <i>Tapes philippinarum</i> and <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, have intermediate survival times. When proliferation of bacteria is prevented by chloramphenicol, the survival time of <i>S. inaequivalvis</i> remains the highest; however under these conditions the other 3 species show similar survival times. Bacteria cause a drop in pH of the incubation medium and the accumulation of sulphide. <i>S. inaequivalvis</i> exhibits a significant decrease in survival time in the presence of exogenous sulphide. The antibiotic postpones the accumulation of sulphide, but a significant population of sulphate-reducing bacteria is able to survive in its presence. In the case of <i>V. gallina</i> and <i>M. galloprovincialis</i>, exogenous sulphide (up to 400 µM) does not affect the improved survival time due to the antibiotic. This holds also for a decrease in pH. Bacterial toxins other than sulphide or direct action on the integrity of the organism must be responsible for the adverse effects on survival. The responsible micro-organisms are associated with the bivalves, and anoxia induces their proliferation. For this reason, accumulation of bacterial noxious products cannot be avoided by frequent renewal of the medium.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Influence of incubation conditions on the anoxic survival of marine bivalves: static and semi-static incubations","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2001,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-10-01","DateCreate":"2001-03-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000167561300014","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":6967,"PubliDate":2001,"Pagination":"169-179","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"211","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43354,"SerRR":"Marine Ecology Progress Series. 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