{"refrec":{"BRefID":70481,"RR":"<b>Gillis, P.L.; Chow-Fraser, P.; Ranville, J.F.; Ross, P.E.; Wood, C.M.</b> (2005). <i>Daphnia</i> need to be gut-cleared too: the effect of exposure to and ingestion of metal-contaminated sediment on the gut-clearance patterns of <i>D. magna</i>. <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 71(2)</i>: 143-154. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.016\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.016</a>","BEntID":66541,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 71(2)</i>: 143-154. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.016\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.016</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Gillis, P.L.; Chow-Fraser, P.; Ranville, J.F.; Ross, P.E.; Wood, C.M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Gillis, P.L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The presence of sediment particles in the gut indicated that <i>Daphnia magna</i> used in whole-sediment bioassays ingest sediment. If gut contents are not removed prior to whole-body tissue-burden analysis, then the bioavailability of any sediment-associated contaminants (e.g. metals) can be overestimated. Gut clearing patterns were determined for <i>D. magna</i> after exposure to both clean and metal-contaminated (Cu and Zn) field-collected sediments. <i>D. magna</i> exposed to reference sediment had fuller guts than those exposed to metal-contaminated sediment (95% versus 60% full). Neither reference- nor metal-exposed <i>D. magna</i> could clear their gut completely of sediment particles when held in clean water for 24 h. When <i>Daphnia</i> were transferred to clean water after exposure to metal-contaminated sediment, there was no significant decrease in gut-fullness (P > 0.05) even after 48 h of purging. By comparison, animals transferred to water containing 5 × 105 cells of algae (<i>Pseudokircheriella subcapita</i>) after exposure to contaminated sediment showed a significant drop in gut fullness from 56% immediately after exposure to 17% after 4 h of gut-clearance. Although gut fullness did not change significantly beyond 2 h of purging, data were much less variable after 8 h of gut-clearance than after 2 h or 4 h. The depuration of Cu was well described with a two-compartment first-order kinetic model (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.78, P < 0.0001) indicating that <i>D. magna</i> exposed to metal-contaminated sediment have one pool of Cu that is quickly depurated (0.2 h<sup>−1</sup>), and one that has been incorporated into the tissues (0.00001 h<sup>−1</sup>). Assuming tissue background of 48 μg/g, an exposed animal which has not been depurated or which has been purged with water alone would yield whole-body tissue Cu concentrations that are 5.6- and 4-fold higher, respectively, than that purged with algae + water (8 h). We recommend that <i>D. magna</i> used to estimate metal bioavailability from sediment be gut-cleared in the presence of algae for 8 h prior to determination of whole-body metal concentrations.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"<i>Daphnia</i> need to be gut-cleared too: the effect of exposure to and ingestion of metal-contaminated sediment on the gut-clearance patterns of <i>D. magna</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-11 01:31:25.947284","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"D. magna; gut-clearance; metal bioavailability; sediment exposures","OtherDescriptors":"D. magna; Gut-clearance; Metal bioavailability; Sediment exposures","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2005,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-06","DateCreate":"2005-02-10","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000226558400004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.016"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":70481,"PubliDate":2005,"Pagination":"143-154","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"71","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42203,"SerRR":"Aquatic Toxicology. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0166-445X; e-ISSN 1879-1514","StandardTitleSer":"Aquatic Toxicology","ISSN":"0166-445X","AbbrevSer":"Aquat. 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