{"refrec":{"BRefID":755,"RR":"<b>Timmermans, B.M.H.; Hummel, H.; Bogaards, R.H.</b> (1996). The effect of polluted sediment on the gonadal development and embryogenesis of bivalves. <i>Sci. Total Environ. 187(3)</i>: 231-236. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(96)05145-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(96)05145-5</a>","BEntID":755,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Sci. Total Environ. 187(3)</i>: 231-236. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(96)05145-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(96)05145-5</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Timmermans, B.M.H.; Hummel, H.; Bogaards, R.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Timmermans, B.M.H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Cockles (<i>Cerastoderma edule</i>) and Baltica clams (<i>Macoma balthica</i>) were kept on polluted sediment from the harbour of Rotterdam, and on clean sediment from the Wadden Sea (control). Their gametogenesis was then followed. <i>in vitro</i> fertilisation (IVF) experiments were carried out and larvae were cultured until the D-stage (veliger-stage). At the end of the experiment, in animals from Rotterdam harbour sediment, the condition-index (CI) and gonad-index (GI) were significantly lower, whereas the proportion of parasitised animals was higher than in the controls. Spawning- and fertilisation percentages were also lower in animals kept on harbour sediment. 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