{"refrec":{"BRefID":75763,"RR":"<b>Veauvy, C.M.; McDonald, M.D.; Van Audekerke, J.; Vanhoutte, G.; Van Camp, N.; Van der Linden, A.; Walsh, P.J.</b> (2005). Ammonia affects brain nitrogen metabolism but not hydration status in the Gulf toadfish (<i>Opsanus beta</i>). <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 74(1)</i>: 32-46. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.05.003\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.05.003</a>","BEntID":71447,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 74(1)</i>: 32-46. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.05.003\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.05.003</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Veauvy, C.M.; McDonald, M.D.; Van Audekerke, J.; Vanhoutte, G.; Van Camp, N.; Van der Linden, A.; Walsh, P.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Veauvy, C.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Laboratory rodents made hyperammonemic by infusing ammonia into the blood show symptoms of brain cell swelling and increased intracranial pressure. These symptoms could be caused in part by an increase in brain glutamine formed when brain glutamine synthetase (GS) naturally detoxifies ammonia to glutamine. Previous studies on the Gulf toadfish (<i>Opsanus beta</i>) demonstrated that it is resistant to high ammonia exposure (HAE) (96 h LC<sub>50</sub> = 10 mM) despite an increase in brain glutamine. This study attempts to resolve whether the resistance of <i>O. beta</i> is mediated by special handling of brain water in the face of changing glutamine concentrations. Methionine sulfoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of GS, was used to pharmacologically manipulate glutamine concentrations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess the status of brain water. Ammonia or MSO treatment did not substantially affect blood acid–base parameters. Exposure to 3.5 mM ammonium chloride in seawater for 16 or 40 h resulted in a parallel increase in brain ammonia (3-fold) and glutamine (2-fold) and a decrease in brain glutamate (1.3-fold). Pre-treatment with MSO prevented ammonia-induced changes in glutamine and glutamate concentrations. HAE also induced an increase in plasma osmolality (by 7%) which was probably due to a disturbance of osmoregulatory processes but which did not result in broader whole body dehydration as indicated by muscle water analysis. The increase in brain glutamine was not associated with any changes in brain water in toadfish exposed to 3.5 mM ammonia for up to 40 h or even at 10, 20 and 30 mM ammonia consecutively and for one hour in each concentration. The lack of brain water accumulation implies that ammonia toxicity in toadfish appears to be via pathways other than cerebral swelling. Furthermore, toadfish pre-treated with MSO did not survive a normally sub-lethal exposure to 3.5 mM ammonia for 40 h. The enhancement of ammonia toxicity by MSO suggests that GS function is critical to ammonia tolerance in this species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Ammonia affects brain nitrogen metabolism but not hydration status in the Gulf toadfish (<i>Opsanus beta</i>)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"ammonia; Opsanus beta; glutamine glutamine synthetase; methionine sulfoximine; MRI","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2005,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-10-27","DateCreate":"2005-08-25","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000231039800003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.05.003"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":75763,"PubliDate":2005,"Pagination":"32-46","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"74","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42203,"SerRR":"Aquatic Toxicology. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0166-445X; e-ISSN 1879-1514","StandardTitleSer":"Aquatic Toxicology","ISSN":"0166-445X","AbbrevSer":"Aquat. Toxicol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":32,"Pages":15,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences","Email":"cveauvy@rsmas.miami.edu","Line2":null,"EnvName":"USA"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Veauvy","Firstname":"Clémence","Initials":"C.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":71447,"AutID":54860,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"McDonald","Firstname":"M. Danielle","Initials":"M.D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":71447,"AutID":50241,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Van Audekerke","Firstname":"Johan","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":"Bio-Imaging Laboratory, RUCA, University of Antwerp","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":71447,"AutID":54861,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"University of Antwerp; Faculteit Farmaceutische, Biomedische en Diergeneeskundige Wetenschappen; Departement Biomedische Wetenschappen; Onderzoeksgroep Bio-Imaging","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":1602},{"AutName":"Vanhoutte","Firstname":"Greet","Initials":"G.","Affiliation":"Bio-Imaging Laboratory, RUCA, University of Antwerp","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":71447,"AutID":54862,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"University of Antwerp; Faculteit Farmaceutische, Biomedische en Diergeneeskundige Wetenschappen; Departement Biomedische Wetenschappen; Onderzoeksgroep Bio-Imaging","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":1602},{"AutName":"Van Camp","Firstname":"Nadja","Initials":"N.","Affiliation":"Bio-Imaging Laboratory, RUCA, University of Antwerp","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":71447,"AutID":54863,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"University of Antwerp; Faculteit Farmaceutische, Biomedische en Diergeneeskundige Wetenschappen; Departement Biomedische Wetenschappen; Onderzoeksgroep Bio-Imaging","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":1602},{"AutName":"Van der Linden","Firstname":"Annemie","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":"Bio-Imaging Laboratory, RUCA, University of Antwerp","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":71447,"AutID":143950,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"University of Antwerp; Faculteit Farmaceutische, Biomedische en Diergeneeskundige Wetenschappen; Departement Biomedische Wetenschappen; Onderzoeksgroep Bio-Imaging","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":1602},{"AutName":"Walsh","Firstname":"Patrick","Initials":"P.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":71447,"AutID":11226,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":278890,"LibID":36,"BRefID":75763,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"278890","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":null,"Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open Marien Archief","URL":null,"ClassifID":235,"Classification":"Open Marine Archive","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":5,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":0,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_OMA","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier Science","City":"Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Methionine","ThestID":5175,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Acids > Organic compounds > Organic acids > Amino acids > Methionine"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Biscayne Bay","ThestID":182913,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"ASW, USA, Florida, Biscayne Bay"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine","ThestID":141200,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Carbonyl compounds > Acids > Organic acids > Carboxylic acids > Organic nitrogen compounds > Amino acids > Nonessential amino acids > Glutamine"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ammonia","ThestID":317,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Chemical compounds > Nitrogen compounds > Ammonia"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine","ThestID":80354,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Glutamine"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase","ThestID":141201,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Glutamine synthetase"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ammonia"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Biscayne Bay"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Methionine"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Opsanus beta"}],"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Biscayne Bay"}],"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","ShortName":"OMA"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"221":{"SpName":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","SpColID":221,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"OMA","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"OMA"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":71447,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":71447,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.05.003","externalID":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.05.003","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":4397,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ammonia","ThestID":317,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Biscayne Bay","ThestID":182913,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine","ThestID":80354,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine","ThestID":141200,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase","ThestID":141201,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Methionine","ThestID":5175,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Opsanus beta","AphiaID":275645,"TaxtID":34676}],"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Biscayne Bay","GeoObjectID":19161,"GeotID":1197}],"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"Methionine sulfoximine","OthtID":13382},{"OtherTerm":"MRI \r\n","OthtID":13383}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ammonia","DutchTerm":"Ammoniak","ThestID":317,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Biscayne Bay","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":182913,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":80354,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":141200,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":141201,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Methionine","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":5175,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Opsanus beta","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":275645,"TaxtID":34676}],"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Biscayne Bay","DutchTerm":null}],"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"Methionine sulfoximine","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":13382},{"OtherTerm":"MRI \r\n","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":13383}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2005-08-25 09:31:56.010000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2015-10-27 12:43:04.720000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}