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Cycles of dominance are regulated by the interaction of temperature, salinity and competition between the two species. <i>A. Natalensis</i> is more tolerant of low salinity and the replacement of <i>A. Longipatella</i> by <i>A. Natalensis</i> starts in the upper estuary and spreads seawards. Maximum abundance of <i>A. Natalensis</i> is attained in water of lower salinity than in the case of <i>A. Longipatella</i>. In the Sundays Estuary <i>A. Natalensis</i> appeared briefly in the latter half of the study and in the upper and middle estuary only. In the lower estuary <i>A. Longipatella</i> was present during all seasons. This was due to the absence of competition from <i>A. Natalensis</i>, high salinity and lower summer temperatures due to marine influence. A third species of copepod, <i>Pseudodiaptomus hessei</i> functions as a pioneer species, exploiting 'new water' after flooding or strong freshwater inflow. 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