{"refrec":{"BRefID":79073,"RR":"<b>Wei, A.; Chow-Fraser, P.</b> (2006). Synergistic impact of water level fluctuation and invasion of <i>Glyceria</i> on <i>Typha</i> in a freshwater marsh of Lake Ontario. <i>Aquat. Bot. 84(1)</i>: 63-69. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.07.012\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.07.012</a>","BEntID":74574,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Bot. 84(1)</i>: 63-69. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.07.012\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.07.012</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Wei, A.; Chow-Fraser, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Wei, A.; Chow-Fraser, P.","Englishabstract":"The effects of multiple stressors on the native <i>Typha</i> marsh community (mainly <i>Typha latifolia</i>) were examined using historical records of water levels, human census population, and field vegetation maps. Percent cover of the major plant species was estimated in a GIS, and the percent cover of <i>Typha</i> was related to changes in water level, human population growth, and percent cover of exotic <i>Glyceria maxima</i> and invasive <i>Phragmites australis</i>. Water level fluctuation was the major natural disturbance and it alone accounted for 88% of the variation in <i>Typha</i>. After partitioning out the effect of water level, both human population growth and the presence of exotic species were still significantly related to the decline of native <i>Typha</i>. We suggest that multiple stressors interact with each other to influence changes in native <i>Typha</i> community and cause greater detrimental impact. An important implication of our results is that projected water level decline due to climate change may not necessarily favor the restoration of a desirable native marsh because of the presence of other disturbances such as exotic and invasive species and altered nutrient regime.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Synergistic impact of water level fluctuation and invasion of <i>Glyceria</i> on <i>Typha</i> in a freshwater marsh of Lake Ontario","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-20 01:31:57.708573","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"multiple stressors; disturbance; climate change; water level; exoticspecies; urbanization; Typha; Glyceria; wetland","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2006,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-16","DateCreate":"2006-01-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000234693200008","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":79073,"PubliDate":2006,"Pagination":"63-69","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"84","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42195,"SerRR":"Aquatic Botany. 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