{"refrec":{"BRefID":791,"RR":"<b>Smeenk, C.</b> (1997). Stranding of sperm whales <i>Physeter macrocephalus</i> in the North Sea: history and patterns. <i>Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie 67(suppl.)</i>: 15-28","BEntID":791,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie 67(suppl.)</i>: 15-28","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Smeenk, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Smeenk, C.","Englishabstract":"Stranding of sperm whales <i>Physeter macrocephalus</i> L., 1758 in the countries bordering the North Sea has been documented since the end of the 16th century. All known strandings in this area are summarized. There is no clear temporal pattern in the occurrence of sperm whales in the North Sea except that there are very few strandings between the late 18th and early 20th century. All sperm whales of which details are known have been males, ranging from about 12 to 18 m in size. Most strandings occur during the period November-February. It seems likely that the majority of sperm whales enter the North Sea during southward migration. If the animals do not find their way out in time, they become weakened and many will die at sea or become stranded. The North Sea can be described as a sperm whale trap, and multiple strandings mainly occur in the southern part of the area, where the coastal configuration is characterized by vast expanses of sandbanks, mudflats and estuaries. The large gap in the occurrence of sperm whales in the North Sea from the late 18th till the early 20th century may be connected with whaling activities over the last centuries, by which sperm whale numbers in the North Atlantic were considerably reduced. Sperm whales have been increasing again in the North Sea, particularly since the 1970s and, again, the 1990s, possibly as a response to a population increase following the decline and the end of whaling in this area.","AbstractOtherLang":"Strandingen van potvissen <i>Physeter macrocephalus</i> L. 1758 langs de kusten van de Noordzeelanden worden reeds gedocumenteerd sinds het einde van de zestiende eeuw. Alle gekende strandingen in dit gebied worden hier samengevat. Er is geen duidelijk temporeel patroon in het voorkomen van potvissen in de Noordzee, behalve dan dat er heel weinig strandingen waren tussen de late achttiende en vroege twintigste eeuw. Alle potvissen waarvan gegevens bekend zijn waren mannetjes met een lengte variërend van 12 tot 18 meter. De meeste strandingen gebeuren in de periode november-februari. Het grootste deel van de potvissen blijkt de Noordzee binnen te dringen tijdens hun zuidwaartse migratie. Als de dieren niet op tijd een uitweg vinden, verzwakken ze. Vele zullen sterven op zee of zullen stranden. De Noordzee kan omschreven worden als een walvisval, en strandingen van meerdere dieren tegelijk kunnen voorkomen in het zuidelijke deel, waar de kustconfiguratie gekenmerkt wordt door een uitgestrekt gebied van zandbanken, slibplaten en estuaria. De beperkte aanwezigheid van potvissen in de Noordzee van de late achttiende eeuw tot het begin van de twintigste eeuw kan te maken hebben met de walvisvaart tijdens de laatste eeuwen, waardoor de potvisaantallen in de Noordzee aanzienlijk waren afgenomen. Potvissen zijn vooral weer toegenomen in de Noordzee vanaf de jaren '70, en opnieuw in de jaren '90. Dit is wellicht het gevolg van de populatietoename na de achteruitgang en het einde van de walvisvaart in dit gebied.","BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Stranding of sperm whales <i>Physeter macrocephalus</i> in the North Sea: history and patterns","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":"sperm whale, strandings, North Sea, <i>Physeter macrocephalus</i>","Notes":null,"AnaPub":1997,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-23","DateCreate":"2000-08-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":791,"PubliDate":1997,"Pagination":"15-28","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"67","Issue":"suppl.","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44202,"SerRR":"Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Bruxelles.  ISSN 0374-6429","StandardTitleSer":"Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie","ISSN":"0374-6429","AbbrevSer":"Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":15,"Pages":14,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":[{"YBRefID":23675,"RefStrFull":"<b>Jacques, G.; Lambertsen, R.H. (Ed.)</b> (1997). Potvissterfte in de Noordzee: wetenschap en beheer = Sperm whale deaths in the North Sea: science and management. <i>Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie</i>, 67(Suppl.). Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussel.  133 + synthese (dutch) pp.","RelID":10,"Relation":"Also appears in","StandardTitle":"Potvissterfte in de Noordzee: wetenschap en beheer = Sperm whale deaths in the North Sea: science and management"}],"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"P.O. 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