{"refrec":{"BRefID":822,"RR":"<b>Lockyer, C.</b> (1997). Diving behaviour of the sperm whale in relation to feeding. <i>Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie 67(suppl.)</i>: 47-52","BEntID":822,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie 67(suppl.)</i>: 47-52","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lockyer, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lockyer, C.","Englishabstract":"Sperm whales are amongst the deepest and longest diving mammal species. Investigations on dive depth using both indirect evidence of bottom cable entanglements and dietary species from stomach contents, and also direct evidence from both active sonar tracking and passive acoustic listening to sperm whales clicks using directional hydrophones, indicate that dives are possible to depths >1,000 m and may even be in excess of 2,000 m. Duration of dive may last up to an hour. In most parts of the world's oceans, the sperm whale feeds on squid, but off Iceland, fish predominate in the diet. Many bottom and deepwater squid species are only known from sperm whale stomachs. The mechanism of food gathering is uncertain. There is a claim that sperm whales are able to stun pray with a beam akin to ultrasound, and another that prey are attracted passively to the whiteness of the mandibular teeth. One matter that is certain is that the teeth are not used for prehension because undigested prey items retrieved from the stomach do not show bite marks. The largest whole item reported was a giant squid nearly 10.5 m in length. In addition, animals with congenitally deformed or broken (but healed) mandibles are still able to feed effectively. Clearly the sperm whale must use some form of powerful suction mechanism in the buccal region to entrap and swallow the prey. At great depths prey will not be seen unless bioluminescent organs are displayed, and prey may only be detected acoustically, and physically from movements creating water pressure fronts and tactile experience. Investigations both anatomically and biochemically indicate that the specialisation of the head region into spermaceti organ and junk may serve a dual function of buoyancy control in diving and acoustically in echolocation. It is clear that there are still many questions unanswered about sperm whale diving and feeding mechanisms.","AbstractOtherLang":"Potvissen behoren tot de diepst en langst duikende zeezoogdieren. Het onderzoek naar de duikdiepte gebruikt enerzijds indirecte bewijzen zoals verstrikkingen in onderwaterkabels en prooidieren die in de maag gevonden worden, en anderzijds directe bewijzen zoals het opsporen met sonar en het beluisteren van de potvisclicks met behulp van gerichte onder- water-microfoons. Het onderzoek toont aan dat deze dieren dieper dan 1000 m  unnen duiken, en misschien zelfs dieper dan 2000 m. De duiktijd kan meer dan een uur bedragen. Meestal voedt de potvis zich met pijlinktvissen, maar ter hoogte van IJsland bestaat zijn dieet hoofdzakelijk uit vis. Vele soorten benthische en diepzee pijlinktvissen zijn enkel gekend van maaginhouden van potvissen. Het mechanisme van de voedselopname is niet met zekerheid gekend. Er bestaat een hypothese die stelt dat potvissen in staat zijn hun prooi te verdoven met een bundel golven die analoog zijn met ultrasoon geluid. Een andere hypothese zegt dat prooien aangetrokken worden door het wit van de tanden in de onderkaak. Eén ding is zeker, namelijk dat de tanden niet worden gebruikt voor het grijpen van de prooi, daar onverteerde prooiresten uit maaginhouden geen bijtsporen vertonen. Het grootste volledige overblijfsel gerapporteerd uit de maag van een potvis was een reuzenpijlinktvis van bijna 10,5 m lengte. Daarenboven zijn dieren met aangeboren afwijkingen of  gebroken (maar genezen) onderkaken nog steeds in staat om zich doeltreffend te voeden. De potvis moet ongetwijfeld een of ander krachtig zuigmechanisme gebruiken in de mondzone om de prooi te vangen en door te slikken. Op grote dieptes zal een prooidier niet zichtbaar zijn, behalve als het beschikt over bioluminiscente organen. Prooien kunnen enkel akoestisch worden  gedetecteerd, of fysisch, door de tastzin van de potvis of de bewegingen van de prooi die zo waterdrukfronten creëert. Zowel anatomisch als biochemisch onderzoek tonen aan dat de specialisatie van het gebied van het hoofd in een spermaceti-orgaan een dubbele functie zou kunnen hebben, namelijk die van controle van het drijfvermogen bij het duiken en van akoestische localisatie (echolocatie). Ongetwijfeld blijven nog veel vragen onbeantwoord inzake de duik- en voedingsmechanismen bij potvissen.","BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Diving behaviour of the sperm whale in relation to feeding","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":"sperm whale, behavouir, diving, feeding","Notes":null,"AnaPub":1997,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-23","DateCreate":"2000-08-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":822,"PubliDate":1997,"Pagination":"47-52","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"67","Issue":"suppl.","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44202,"SerRR":"Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Bruxelles.  ISSN 0374-6429","StandardTitleSer":"Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie","ISSN":"0374-6429","AbbrevSer":"Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":47,"Pages":6,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":[{"YBRefID":23675,"RefStrFull":"<b>Jacques, G.; Lambertsen, R.H. (Ed.)</b> (1997). Potvissterfte in de Noordzee: wetenschap en beheer = Sperm whale deaths in the North Sea: science and management. <i>Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie</i>, 67(Suppl.). Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussel.  133 + synthese (dutch) pp.","RelID":10,"Relation":"Also appears in","StandardTitle":"Potvissterfte in de Noordzee: wetenschap en beheer = Sperm whale deaths in the North Sea: science and management"}],"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"c/o British Antarctic Survey, High Cross","Email":null,"Line2":null,"EnvName":"UK"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Lockyer","Firstname":"Christina","Initials":"C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":822,"AutID":1741,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":252274,"LibID":36,"BRefID":822,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"252274","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen","City":"Bruxelles"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Behaviour","ThestID":857,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Behaviour"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding behaviour","ThestID":3060,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Behaviour > Feeding behaviour"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diving","ThestID":2409,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Diving"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding","ThestID":3059,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Feeding"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Behaviour"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diving"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding behaviour"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":822,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":822,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":41,"LangCode":"nl","Lang":"Dutch","DutchTerm":"Nederlands","LangCodeExtended":"dut"},{"BEntID":822,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":822,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":41,"LangCode":"nl","Lang":"Dutch","DutchTerm":"Nederlands","LangCodeExtended":"dut"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Behaviour","ThestID":857,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diving","ThestID":2409,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding","ThestID":3059,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding behaviour","ThestID":3060,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"Behavouir","OthtID":5236},{"OtherTerm":"Sperm whales","OthtID":1443}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Behaviour","DutchTerm":"Gedrag","ThestID":857,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diving","DutchTerm":"Duiken","ThestID":2409,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding","DutchTerm":"Voeding","ThestID":3059,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Feeding behaviour","DutchTerm":"Voedingsgedrag","ThestID":3060,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"Behavouir","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":5236},{"OtherTerm":"Sperm whales","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":1443}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Appeltans, Ward, W.","newSesDate":{"date":"2000-08-24 19:15:10.000000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2021-02-23 06:50:12.350000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}