{"refrec":{"BRefID":837,"RR":"<b>Joiris, C.R.; Holsbeek, L.; Bossicart, M.; Tapia, G.</b> (1997). Mercury and organochlorines in four sperm whales stranded on the Belgian coast, November 1994. <i>Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie 67(suppl.)</i>: 69-73","BEntID":837,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie 67(suppl.)</i>: 69-73","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Joiris, C.R.; Holsbeek, L.; Bossicart, M.; Tapia, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Joiris, C.R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Four sperm whales (three subadult males stranded on the Belgian coast, a fourth older male found dead at sea) were analysed for total mercury, methylmercury and organochlorines. All four were part of a total of 24 sperm whales that stranded on the North Sea coasts over a period of six months, a highly unusual phenomenon. Total mercury levels ranged from 0.5 µg/g fw in kidney and 1 in muscle, up to 15 in liver. The finding of at least 90% of the mercury in its inorganic form confirms the existence of detoxification mechanisms in the liver of cetaceans. PCB concentrations in muscle, liver, kidney and blubber ranged from 10 to 25 µg/g lipids. These results are in the same order of magnitude as literature data, which however does not imply that there is no impact on the populations. Social affiliation with a particular adult bull rather than a direct effect of pollutants may have been the primary cause of the stranding of the three younger animals: they apparently remained close to the older one (the leader?) dead at sea, and stranded in very shallow water. Indirect impact of anthropogenic pollutants influencing the behaviour and/or the health of a social cluster is one plausible hypothesis to explain why a large number of sperm whales got trapped in the North Sea, but limited data available on the large bull fail to support this.","AbstractOtherLang":"Vier potvissen, waarvan drie sub-adulte mannetjes die strandden op de Belgische kust en een vierde ouder mannetje dood aangetroffen op zee, werden onderzocht op hun gehalte aan kwik, methylkwik en organochloorverbindingen. Deze vier dieren maakten deel uit van de in totaal 24 potvissen die strandden aan de Noordzeekusten over een periode van zes maanden, wat een hoogst ongewoon fenomeen is. Totale kwikwaarden  arieerden van 0,5 ug/ 9 (vers gewicht) in de nier en 1 ug/ 9 in het spierweefsel, tot 15 ug/ 9 in de lever. Het feit dat tenminste 90% van het kwik in anorganische vorm werd gevonden, bevestigt het bestaan van  detoxiticatiemechanismen in de lever van walvisachtigen. PCB- concentraties in spierweefsel, lever, nier en speklaag varieerden van 10 tot 25 ug/g lipiden. Deze meetwaarden zijn van dezelfde grootte-orde als deze in de bestaande literatuur, wat echter niet betekent dat dergelijke waarden geen invloed op de dieren zouden hebben. De hoofdoorzaak van de stranding van drie jongere dieren zou eerder het sociale verwantschap met een bepaalde volwassen potvis kunnen geweest zijn dan een rechtstreeks gevolg van de polluenten: de drie jongere dieren bleven blijkbaar dicht tegen de dode oudere potvis (de leider?) op zee, en strandden in heel ondiep water. Een indirecte impact van anthropogene polluenten die het gedrag en/of de gezondheid van een sociale groep beïnvloeden is een plausibele hypothese om te verklaren waarom een groot aantal potvissen in de val van de Noordzee terecht kwam. Doordat echter maar een beperkt aantal gegevens bekend is van de grootste potvis, kan deze hypothese hier niet ten volle ondersteund worden.","BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Mercury and organochlorines in four sperm whales stranded on the Belgian coast, November 1994","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":"sperm whale, mercury, organochlorines, detoxification, social behaviour","Notes":null,"AnaPub":1997,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-23","DateCreate":"2000-08-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":837,"PubliDate":1997,"Pagination":"69-73","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"67","Issue":"suppl.","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44202,"SerRR":"Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Bruxelles.  ISSN 0374-6429","StandardTitleSer":"Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie","ISSN":"0374-6429","AbbrevSer":"Bull. Kon. Belg. Inst. Natuurwet. Biologie","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":69,"Pages":5,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":[{"YBRefID":23675,"RefStrFull":"<b>Jacques, G.; Lambertsen, R.H. (Ed.)</b> (1997). Potvissterfte in de Noordzee: wetenschap en beheer = Sperm whale deaths in the North Sea: science and management. <i>Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie</i>, 67(Suppl.). Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussel.  133 + synthese (dutch) pp.","RelID":10,"Relation":"Also appears in","StandardTitle":"Potvissterfte in de Noordzee: wetenschap en beheer = Sperm whale deaths in the North Sea: science and management"}],"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"Pleinlaan 2","Email":null,"Line2":null,"EnvName":"Belgium"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Joiris","Firstname":"Claude","Initials":"C.R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":837,"AutID":1774,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":156,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Holsbeek","Firstname":"Ludo","Initials":"L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":837,"AutID":1777,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":3443,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Bossicart","Firstname":"Michèle","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":837,"AutID":1779,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Tapia","Firstname":"German","Initials":"G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":837,"AutID":1780,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":235244,"LibID":36,"BRefID":837,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"235244","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":null,"Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open Marien Archief","URL":null,"ClassifID":235,"Classification":"Open Marine Archive","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":5,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":0,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_OMA","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen","City":"Bruxelles"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, North Sea, Southern Bight","ThestID":182113,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"ANE, North Sea, Southern Bight"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Social behaviour","ThestID":7744,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Behaviour > Social behaviour"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Belgium","ThestID":183110,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"Belgium"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mercury","ThestID":5115,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Chemical elements > Metals > Heavy metals > Mercury"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Detoxification","ThestID":2270,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Detoxification"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Stranding","ThestID":8065,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Stranding"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, North Sea, Southern Bight"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Belgium"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Detoxification"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mercury"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Social behaviour"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Stranding"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone"},{"GeoTerm":"Southern Bight"}],"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - 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