{"refrec":{"BRefID":9357,"RR":"<b>Laubier, L.</b> (1989). Ecosystèmes benthiques profonds et chimiosynthèse bactérienne: sources hydrothermales et suintement froids, <b><i>in</i></b>: Denis, M. (Ed.) <i>Océanologie: actualité et prospective.</i> pp. 61-99","BEntID":9357,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Denis, M. (Ed.) <i>Océanologie: actualité et prospective.</i> pp. 61-99","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Laubier, L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":1,"Authorstringtrunc":"Laubier, L.","Englishabstract":"Since the discovery of unusually rich benthic assemblages around warm water vents near the Galapagos archipelago twelve years ago, our knowledge of the faunal structure and trophic organization of the so-calIed hydrothermal communities has increased rapidly. Later explorations of similarly rich benthic assemblages linked to brine and cold seeps and hydrocarbon-rich seepages have led to generalization of the concept of chemosynthetically based marine ecosystems. Hydrothermal communities of various species compositions have been described from the eastern and western Pacific and Atlantic. Brine and cold seeps and hydrocarbon seepages have been found off Florida, off the Oregon and Japanese subduction systems, on the Laurentian Fan, near Barbados, and off Louisiana. Biomasses range from 10 to 70 kg.m<sup>-2</sup>, fresh weigth. Basic microdistribution of species groups in aureoles centered around hydrothermal vents reveals different levels of adaptation to harsh physico-chemical conditions. Two groups of primary producers can be recognized: a highly efficient cool water group with large vestimentiferan tube worms and bivalves, and alvinellid polychaetes adapted to hot waters. Both groups are exploited by specific carnivores. The food web is based on sulfooxydizing symbiotic bacteria. Isotopic ratios, biochemical indices and experimental evidence give clear-cut conclusions<i> (Riftja and Calyptogena)</i>. Methanotrophic symbiotic bacteria have recently been found in bivalves off Louisiana. Nearly 160 species new to sciences have been described, with an abnormally large number of panchronic species. The short life span of hydrothermal vents together with the world-wide distribution of several species raise questions of propagation and colonization.","AbstractOtherLang":"Depuis la découverte de communautés benthiques exceptionnellement riches autour de sources d'eau tiède près de l'archipel des Galapagos il y a douze ans, notre connaissance de la structure faunistique et de l'organisation trophique des communautés «hydrothermales» s'est rapidement développée. L'exploration ultérieure de peuplements également riches associés à des écoulements de saumures, de fluides froids et d'hydrocarbures, a conduit à la généralisation du concept d'écosystèmes fondés sur la chimiosynthese. Des communautés hydrothermales dont la composition spécifique est tres variable ont été décrites dans le Pacifique oriental et occidental et dans l' Atlantique. Les suintements de saumures et de fluides froids et d'hydrocarbures ont été décrits au large de la Floride, des fosses de subduction de l'Oregon et du Japon, de l'éventail des Laurentides, des Barbades et de la Louisiane. Les biomasses varient entre 10 et 70 kg.m<sup>-2</sup>, en poids frais. Schématiquement, la microdistribution en auréoles autour des sources de fluides témoigne de niveaux différents d'adaptation à des conditions physico-chimiques rigoureuses. Deux groupes de producteurs primaires peuvent être distingués: un groupe tres efficace à basse température avec les grands vestimentifères et les bivalves, et les polychètes alvinellidés adaptés aux températures élevées. Les deux groupes sont exploités par des carnivores spécifiques. Le réseau trophique repose sur des bactéries symbiotiques sulfo-oxydantes. Les rapports isotopiques, les indices biochimiques et les données expérimentales fournissent des conclusions claires <i>(Riftia et Calyptogena)</i>. Des bactéries symbiotiques méthanotrophes ont été récemment mises en évidence dans des bivalves au large de la Louisiane. Environ 160 espèces nouvelles pour la science ont été décrites, avec une proportion exceptionnellement élevée d'espèces panchroniques. La courte durée de vie des sources hydrothermales soulève des questions concernant la propagation des espèces et Ia colonisation.","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Ecosystèmes benthiques profonds et chimiosynthèse bactérienne: sources hydrothermales et suintement froids","OrigTitleLangCode":"fr","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"fre","OrigTitleLangID":22,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1989,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-11-21","DateCreate":"2001-05-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":9357,"PubliDate":1989,"Pagination":"61-99","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"2-907752-00-6","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":9352,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Denis, M. (Ed.)</b> (1989). Océanologie: Actualité et prospective. 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