{"refrec":{"BRefID":9363,"RR":"<b>Margalef, R.</b> (1989). Le plankton: survivre et s'organiser dans un fluide mobile, <b><i>in</i></b>: Denis, M. (Ed.) <i>Océanologie: actualité et prospective.</i> pp. 169-185","BEntID":9363,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Denis, M. (Ed.) <i>Océanologie: actualité et prospective.</i> pp. 169-185","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Margalef, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":1,"Authorstringtrunc":"Margalef, R.","Englishabstract":"Plankton answers to the same challenges to which the forest and the coral reef provide other kinds of responses. Physical contraints associated with fluidity and movement of water are most important. Ecological processes are discontinuously accelerated through the availability of external energy, apt to do work in mixing and upwelling. As soon as energy inputs are debilitated, pelagic ecosystems enter a more predictable path leading to a lower turnover with increasing segregation of the factors of production. Disturbances acting on an ecosystem can be arranged in a spectrum, with inverse relationship between frequences and amounts of involved energy (from big bang to daily rhythms). Models that lead to regular cycles and disregard space and thermodynamics do very poorly with plankton. Other models may provide a new viewpoint, but it is impossible to forget the real complexity of nature. Here the importance of the inputs of external energy, as a turbulence, and of the covariance in the distribution of the relevant factors of production is emphasized. This approach rejoins models in chemistry that study reactions under conditions of increasing organization or compartimentation of the reaction vessel. Derivation of the fundamental expressions with respect to time introduces ecological succession. Realism requires to work with spectra of the magnitudes concerned, however difficult it might be.","AbstractOtherLang":"Le plankton s'organise comme une réponse de la vie au même défi qui a conduit l'évolution en d'autres écosystèmes, tel la forêt ou le récif de corail. Les principales contraintes physiques sont celles liées à la nature fluide et à la mobilité de l'eau. Les processus écologiques sont accélérés de façon discontinue par les disponibilités d'énergie externe pour réaliser un travail, ordinairement le mélange ou la remontée de l'eau. En dehors de ces épisodes turbulents, l'écosysteme pélagique s'engage dans une voie qui comporte la ségrégation croissante des facteurs de production. Le développement de la vie pélagique est ponctué par un spectre local de perturbation, au sujet duquel on peut seulement dire que l'intensité des perturbations peut montrer une corrélation inverse avec leur fréquence. Le plankton n'est pas traité convenabIement par les modèles qui postulent des cycles réguliers et oublient l'espace et la thermodynamique. On s'est proposé d'approcher le problème en faisant un tour d'horizon et d'explorer l'utilité de modèles basés sur la diffusion turbulente et la covariance entre les facteurs de production. lIs peuvent se rattacher à des modeles chimiques concernant des réactions qui se font dans une enceinte progressivement compliquée ou compartimentée. Lorsqu'on dérive par rapport au temps, on obtient directement une image satisfaisante de la succession écologique. L'application aux problèmes réels exige de considérer les spectres d'amplitude concernés quelle qu'en soit la difficulté.","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Le plankton: survivre et s'organiser dans un fluide mobile","OrigTitleLangCode":"fr","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"fre","OrigTitleLangID":22,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1989,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-11-21","DateCreate":"2001-05-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":9363,"PubliDate":1989,"Pagination":"169-185","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"2-907752-00-6","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":9352,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Denis, M. (Ed.)</b> (1989). Océanologie: Actualité et prospective. Centre d' Océanologie: Marseille. ISBN 2-907752-00-6. 387 pp.","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Océanologie: Actualité et prospective","StartPage":169,"Pages":17,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Denis, M. (Ed.)"},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Margalef","Firstname":null,"Initials":"R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":9363,"AutID":3942,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":null,"MONpubls":[{"PublName":"Centre d' Océanologie","Place":"Marseille"}],"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":[{"AutName":"Denis","Initials":"M.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":9352,"AutID":3480,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":1,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Denis, M. (Ed.)"}],"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":9363,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":9363,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":22,"LangCode":"fr","Lang":"French","DutchTerm":"Frans","LangCodeExtended":"fre"},{"BEntID":9363,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":22,"LangCode":"fr","Lang":"French","DutchTerm":"Frans","LangCodeExtended":"fre"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"VLIZ2000\\stevenc","newSesDate":{"date":"2001-05-18 08:35:53.190000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"T'Jampens, Roeland, R.","updSesDate":{"date":"2014-11-21 11:20:28.270000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}