{"refrec":{"BRefID":9363,"RR":"<b>Margalef, R.<\/b> (1989). Le plankton: survivre et s'organiser dans un fluide mobile, <b><i>in<\/i><\/b>: Denis, M. (Ed.) <i>Oc\u00e9anologie: actualit\u00e9 et prospective.<\/i> pp. 169-185","BEntID":9363,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in<\/i><\/b>: Denis, M. (Ed.) <i>Oc\u00e9anologie: actualit\u00e9 et prospective.<\/i> pp. 169-185","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Margalef, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":1,"Authorstringtrunc":"Margalef, R.","Englishabstract":"Plankton answers to the same challenges to which the forest and the coral reef provide other kinds of responses. Physical contraints associated with fluidity and movement of water are most important. Ecological processes are discontinuously accelerated through the availability of external energy, apt to do work in mixing and upwelling. As soon as energy inputs are debilitated, pelagic ecosystems enter a more predictable path leading to a lower turnover with increasing segregation of the factors of production. Disturbances acting on an ecosystem can be arranged in a spectrum, with inverse relationship between frequences and amounts of involved energy (from big bang to daily rhythms). Models that lead to regular cycles and disregard space and thermodynamics do very poorly with plankton. Other models may provide a new viewpoint, but it is impossible to forget the real complexity of nature. Here the importance of the inputs of external energy, as a turbulence, and of the covariance in the distribution of the relevant factors of production is emphasized. This approach rejoins models in chemistry that study reactions under conditions of increasing organization or compartimentation of the reaction vessel. Derivation of the fundamental expressions with respect to time introduces ecological succession. Realism requires to work with spectra of the magnitudes concerned, however difficult it might be.","AbstractOtherLang":"Le plankton s'organise comme une r\u00e9ponse de la vie au m\u00eame d\u00e9fi qui a conduit l'\u00e9volution en d'autres \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, tel la for\u00eat ou le r\u00e9cif de corail. Les principales contraintes physiques sont celles li\u00e9es \u00e0 la nature fluide et \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9 de l'eau. Les processus \u00e9cologiques sont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on discontinue par les disponibilit\u00e9s d'\u00e9nergie externe pour r\u00e9aliser un travail, ordinairement le m\u00e9lange ou la remont\u00e9e de l'eau. En dehors de ces \u00e9pisodes turbulents, l'\u00e9cosysteme p\u00e9lagique s'engage dans une voie qui comporte la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation croissante des facteurs de production. Le d\u00e9veloppement de la vie p\u00e9lagique est ponctu\u00e9 par un spectre local de perturbation, au sujet duquel on peut seulement dire que l'intensit\u00e9 des perturbations peut montrer une corr\u00e9lation inverse avec leur fr\u00e9quence. Le plankton n'est pas trait\u00e9 convenabIement par les mod\u00e8les qui postulent des cycles r\u00e9guliers et oublient l'espace et la thermodynamique. On s'est propos\u00e9 d'approcher le probl\u00e8me en faisant un tour d'horizon et d'explorer l'utilit\u00e9 de mod\u00e8les bas\u00e9s sur la diffusion turbulente et la covariance entre les facteurs de production. lIs peuvent se rattacher \u00e0 des modeles chimiques concernant des r\u00e9actions qui se font dans une enceinte progressivement compliqu\u00e9e ou compartiment\u00e9e. Lorsqu'on d\u00e9rive par rapport au temps, on obtient directement une image satisfaisante de la succession \u00e9cologique. L'application aux probl\u00e8mes r\u00e9els exige de consid\u00e9rer les spectres d'amplitude concern\u00e9s quelle qu'en soit la difficult\u00e9.","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Le plankton: survivre et s'organiser dans un fluide mobile","OrigTitleLangCode":"fr","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"fre","OrigTitleLangID":22,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1989,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-11-21","DateCreate":"2001-05-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":9363,"PubliDate":1989,"Pagination":"169-185","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"2-907752-00-6","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":9352,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Denis, M. (Ed.)<\/b> (1989). Oc\u00e9anologie: Actualit\u00e9 et prospective. 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