{"refrec":{"BRefID":98924,"RR":"<b>Lindén, E.; Lehtiniemi, M.</b> (2005). The lethal and sublethal effects of the aquatic macrophyte <i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i> on Baltic littoral planktivores. <i>Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(2)</i>: 405-411. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0405\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0405</a>","BEntID":94195,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(2)</i>: 405-411. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0405\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0405</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lindén, E.; Lehtiniemi, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lindén, E.; Lehtiniemi, M.","Englishabstract":"Macrophyte architecture can structure predator-prey interactions, but it is the chemicals within the plant that may actually be lethal. We conducted aquarium experiments to study the effects of common aquatic macrophytes (<i>Myriophyllum spicatum, Myriophyllum sibiricum</i>, and <i>Chara tomentosa</i>) and a predator (perch, <i>Perca fluviatilis</i>) on the survival, habitat choice, swimming, and feeding activities of Baltic littoral planktivores, mysids <i>Neomysis integer</i> and <i>Praunus flexuosus</i>, and three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosieus aculeatus</i>) larvae. Chemicals excreted by <i>M. Spicatum</i> in a dense patch caused high mortality (73% to 89%) in both mysid species but not in sticklebacks, whereas <i>M. Sibiricum</i> and <i>C. Tomentosa</i> had no lethal effects. In lower stem densities stickleback larvae and <i>N. Integer</i> avoided <i>M. Spicatum</i> even in the presence of predator signals, and <i>M. Spicatum</i> lowered the swimming and feeding activities of stickleback larvae. Only <i>P. Flexuosus</i> did not avoid <i>M. Spicatum</i> vegetation. Areas occupied by <i>M. Spicatum</i> seem to be highly unsuitable habitats for littoral mysids and three-spined stickleback larvae. Because <i>M. Spicatum</i> is a dominant macrophyte in the study area and eutrophication further increases its abundance, it may strongly influence the occurrence and distribution of mysids and fish larvae in the littoral ecosystems of the Baltic Sea.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The lethal and sublethal effects of the aquatic macrophyte <i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i> on Baltic littoral planktivores","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:31:12.656581","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2005,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2006-05-17","DateCreate":"2006-05-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000227835200001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0405"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":98924,"PubliDate":2005,"Pagination":"405-411","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"50","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43511,"SerRR":"Limnology and Oceanography. 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