{"refrec":{"BRefID":98998,"RR":"<b>Blankenship, L.E.; Yayanos, A.A.</b> (2005). Universal primers and PCR of gut contents to study marine invertebrate diets. <i>Mol. Ecol. 14(3)</i>: 891-899. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x</a>","BEntID":94265,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mol. Ecol. 14(3)</i>: 891-899. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Blankenship, L.E.; Yayanos, A.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Blankenship, L.E.; Yayanos, A.A.","Englishabstract":"Determining the diets of marine invertebrates by gut content analysis is problematic. Many consumed organisms become unrecognizable once partly digested, while those with hard remains (e.g. diatom skeletons) may bias the analysis. Here, we adapt DNA-based methods similar to those used for microbial diversity surveys as a novel approach to study the diets of macrophagous (the deep-sea amphipods <i>Scopelocheirus schellenbergi</i> and <i>Eurythenes gryllus</i>) and microphagous (the bivalve <i>Lucinoma aequizonata</i>) feeders in the deep sea. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in conjunction with 'universal' primers amplified portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene for animals ingested by <i>S. Schellenbergi</i> and <i>E. Gryllus</i> and the 18S rRNA gene for lesser eukaryotes ingested by <i>L. Aequizonata</i>. Amplified sequences were combined with sequences from GenBank to construct phylogenetic trees of ingested organisms. Our analyses indicate that <i>S. schellenbergi, E. Gryllus</i> and <i>L. Aequizonata</i> diets are considerably more diverse than previously thought, casting new light on the foraging strategies of these species. Finally, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this technique and its potential applicability to diet analyses of other invertebrates.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Universal primers and PCR of gut contents to study marine invertebrate diets","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:31:31.723291","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2005,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-19","DateCreate":"2006-05-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000227132300022","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":98998,"PubliDate":2005,"Pagination":"891-899","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"14","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45425,"SerRR":"Molecular Ecology. Blackwell: Oxford.  ISSN 0962-1083; e-ISSN 1365-294X","StandardTitleSer":"Molecular Ecology","ISSN":"0962-1083","AbbrevSer":"Mol. Ecol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":1,"Pages":9,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Blankenship","Firstname":null,"Initials":"L.E.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":94265,"AutID":66318,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Yayanos","Firstname":"A. Aristides","Initials":"A.A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":94265,"AutID":66319,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":352813,"LibID":36,"BRefID":98998,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"352813","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Blackwell","City":"Oxford"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"DNA","ThestID":2425,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Acids > Organic compounds > Organic acids > Nucleic acids > DNA"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diatoms","ThestID":2303,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Algae > Diatoms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food organisms","ThestID":3401,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Aquatic organisms > Food organisms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine invertebrates","ThestID":5007,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Aquatic organisms > Marine organisms > Aquatic animals > Marine invertebrates"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Phylogeny","ThestID":6184,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Biogeny > Phylogeny"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mitochondria","ThestID":9650,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Cell constituents > Cell organelles > Mitochondria"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diets","ThestID":2312,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Diets"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochromes","ThestID":2070,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Enzymes > Coenzymes > Cytochromes"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine crustaceans","ThestID":4995,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Fauna > Aquatic organisms > Aquatic animals > Shellfish > Marine organisms > Marine crustaceans"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs","ThestID":5010,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Fauna > Aquatic organisms > Aquatic animals > Shellfish > Marine organisms > Marine molluscs"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gutting","ThestID":3843,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Handling > Fish handling > Dressing > Gutting"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Identification","ThestID":4228,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Identification"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Predation","ThestID":6506,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Interspecific relationships > Predation"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Primers","ThestID":6542,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Materials > Coating materials > Primers"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nucleotide sequence","ThestID":9567,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Nucleotide sequence"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochrome-c oxidase","ThestID":130874,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Peptides > Proteins > Enzymes > Oxidoreductases > Cytochrome-c oxidase"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Polymerase chain reaction","ThestID":9583,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Polymerase chain reaction"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Stomach content","ThestID":8038,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Stomach content"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deep water","ThestID":2160,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Water > Deep water"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochrome-c oxidase"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochromes"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deep water"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diatoms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diets"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"DNA"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food organisms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gutting"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Identification"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine crustaceans"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine invertebrates"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mitochondria"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nucleotide sequence"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Phylogeny"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Polymerase chain reaction"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Predation"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Primers"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Stomach content"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Amphipoda"},{"TaxTerm":"Bacillariophyceae"},{"TaxTerm":"Bivalvia"},{"TaxTerm":"Eurythenes gryllus"},{"TaxTerm":"Lucinoma aequizonata"},{"TaxTerm":"Lucinoma Dall, 1901"},{"TaxTerm":"Scopelocheirus"},{"TaxTerm":"Scopelocheirus schellenbergi"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":94265,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":94265,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x","externalID":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":86938,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochrome-c oxidase","ThestID":130874,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochromes","ThestID":2070,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deep water","ThestID":2160,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diatoms","ThestID":2303,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diets","ThestID":2312,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"DNA","ThestID":2425,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food organisms","ThestID":3401,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gutting","ThestID":3843,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Identification","ThestID":4228,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine crustaceans","ThestID":4995,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine invertebrates","ThestID":5007,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs","ThestID":5010,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mitochondria","ThestID":9650,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nucleotide sequence","ThestID":9567,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Phylogeny","ThestID":6184,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Polymerase chain reaction","ThestID":9583,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Predation","ThestID":6506,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Primers","ThestID":6542,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Stomach content","ThestID":8038,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Amphipoda [amphipods]","AphiaID":1135,"TaxtID":15639},{"TaxTerm":"Bacillariophyceae [Featherlike diatoms]","AphiaID":148899,"TaxtID":23923},{"TaxTerm":"Bivalvia","AphiaID":105,"TaxtID":11417},{"TaxTerm":"Eurythenes gryllus","AphiaID":102563,"TaxtID":23060},{"TaxTerm":"Lucinoma aequizonata","AphiaID":464198,"TaxtID":35701},{"TaxTerm":"Lucinoma Dall, 1901","AphiaID":138149,"TaxtID":19165},{"TaxTerm":"Scopelocheirus","AphiaID":101652,"TaxtID":18981},{"TaxTerm":"Scopelocheirus schellenbergi","AphiaID":237478,"TaxtID":35700}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"COI gene","OthtID":16048},{"OtherTerm":"Eukaryotes (parasites)","OthtID":5773},{"OtherTerm":"Foraging behavior","OthtID":8040}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochrome-c oxidase","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":130874,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cytochromes","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":2070,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deep water","DutchTerm":"Diep water","ThestID":2160,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diatoms","DutchTerm":"Diatomeeën","ThestID":2303,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diets","DutchTerm":"Diëten","ThestID":2312,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"DNA","DutchTerm":"DNA","ThestID":2425,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food organisms","DutchTerm":"Voedingsorganismen","ThestID":3401,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gutting","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":3843,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Identification","DutchTerm":"Identificatie","ThestID":4228,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine crustaceans","DutchTerm":"Mariene crustaceeën","ThestID":4995,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine invertebrates","DutchTerm":"Mariene invertebraten","ThestID":5007,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs","DutchTerm":"Mariene weekdieren","ThestID":5010,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mitochondria","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":9650,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nucleotide sequence","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":9567,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Phylogeny","DutchTerm":"Fylogenie","ThestID":6184,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Polymerase chain reaction","DutchTerm":"Polymerase kettingreactie","ThestID":9583,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Predation","DutchTerm":"Predatie","ThestID":6506,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Primers","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":6542,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Stomach content","DutchTerm":"Maaginhoud","ThestID":8038,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Amphipoda","DutchTerm":"Vlokreeften","AphiaID":1135,"TaxtID":15639},{"TaxTerm":"Bacillariophyceae","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":148899,"TaxtID":23923},{"TaxTerm":"Bivalvia","DutchTerm":"Tweekleppigen","AphiaID":105,"TaxtID":11417},{"TaxTerm":"Eurythenes gryllus","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":102563,"TaxtID":23060},{"TaxTerm":"Lucinoma aequizonata","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":464198,"TaxtID":35701},{"TaxTerm":"Lucinoma Dall, 1901","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":138149,"TaxtID":19165},{"TaxTerm":"Scopelocheirus","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":101652,"TaxtID":18981},{"TaxTerm":"Scopelocheirus schellenbergi","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":237478,"TaxtID":35700}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"COI gene","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":16048},{"OtherTerm":"Eukaryotes (parasites)","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":5773},{"OtherTerm":"Foraging behavior","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":8040}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","newSesDate":{"date":"2006-05-18 10:07:10.590000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-10-19 08:40:44.130000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}