{"refrec":{"BRefID":99146,"RR":"<b>Lampitt, R.S.; Hillier, W.R.; Challenor, P.G.</b> (1993). Seasonal and diel variation in the open ocean concentration of marine snow aggregates. <i>Nature (Lond.) 362(6422)</i>: 737-739","BEntID":94407,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature (Lond.) 362(6422)</i>: 737-739","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lampitt, R.S.; Hillier, W.R.; Challenor, P.G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lampitt, R.S.; Hillier, W.R.; Challenor, P.G.","Englishabstract":"Marine snow, generally defined as aggregated particles of diameter greater than 0.5 mm, is thought to play an important role in oceanic biogeochemical cycles. Recent studies have focused on its unusual physical, biological and chemical properties but its temporal variability has received scant attention. The authors report observations of the abundance, volume concentration and size distribution of marine snow over a five-month period at a single site in the Northern Atlantic. At a depth of 270 m, marine snow particles demonstrated strong seasonal and diel variability. Volume concentrations in spring were about 20 times those in summer and autumn with late morning concentrations up to three times higher than at other times of the day. Our results suggest that the marine snow forms as a result of highly dynamic interactions in the particle pool. We believe that the mid-water biota and their migratory behaviour are responsible for the diel variability; they are therefore likely to have a significant influence on marine snow concentrations and hence on open-ocean material flux.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Seasonal and diel variation in the open ocean concentration of marine snow aggregates","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1993,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2006-05-24","DateCreate":"2006-05-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1993KY45000051","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":99146,"PubliDate":1993,"Pagination":"737-739","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"362","Issue":"6422","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43431,"SerRR":"Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science. Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 0028-0836; e-ISSN 1476-4687","StandardTitleSer":"Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science","ISSN":"0028-0836","AbbrevSer":"Nature (Lond.)","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":737,"Pages":3,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"Wormley","Email":null,"Line2":null,"EnvName":"UK"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Lampitt","Firstname":null,"Initials":"R.S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":94407,"AutID":29413,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Hillier","Firstname":null,"Initials":"W.R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":94407,"AutID":66421,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Challenor","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":94407,"AutID":29375,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nature Publishing Group","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, Porcupine Abyssal Plain","ThestID":182152,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"ANE, Porcupine Abyssal Plain"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Videotape recordings","ThestID":8994,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Audiovisual materials > Videotape recordings"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemistry","ThestID":937,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Chemistry > Geochemistry > Biogeochemistry"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemical cycle","ThestID":936,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Cycles > Chemical cycles > Geochemical cycle > Biogeochemical cycle"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pelagic environment","ThestID":6059,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Environments > Aquatic environment > Pelagic environment"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine snow","ThestID":9653,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Marine snow"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Particulates","ThestID":6033,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Particulates"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Suspended particulate matter","ThestID":8283,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Particulates > Suspended particulate matter"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Temporal variations","ThestID":8431,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Temporal variations"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diurnal variations","ThestID":2399,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Temporal variations > Periodic variations > Diurnal variations"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Seasonal variations","ThestID":7329,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Temporal variations > Periodic variations > Seasonal variations"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, Porcupine Abyssal Plain"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemical cycle"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemistry"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diurnal variations"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine snow"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Particulates"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pelagic environment"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Seasonal variations"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Suspended particulate matter"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Temporal variations"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Videotape recordings"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Porcupine Abyssal Plain"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":94407,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, Porcupine Abyssal Plain","ThestID":182152,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemical cycle","ThestID":936,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemistry","ThestID":937,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diurnal variations","ThestID":2399,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine snow","ThestID":9653,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Particulates","ThestID":6033,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pelagic environment","ThestID":6059,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Seasonal variations","ThestID":7329,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Suspended particulate matter","ThestID":8283,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Temporal variations","ThestID":8431,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Videotape recordings","ThestID":8994,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Porcupine Abyssal Plain","GeoObjectID":4193,"GeotID":434}],"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, Porcupine Abyssal Plain","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":182152,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemical cycle","DutchTerm":"Biogeochemische cyclus","ThestID":936,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogeochemistry","DutchTerm":"Biogeochemie","ThestID":937,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Diurnal variations","DutchTerm":"Overdag variaties","ThestID":2399,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine snow","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":9653,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Particulates","DutchTerm":"deeltjes","ThestID":6033,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pelagic environment","DutchTerm":"Pelagisch milieu","ThestID":6059,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Seasonal variations","DutchTerm":"Seizoenale variaties","ThestID":7329,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Suspended particulate matter","DutchTerm":"Gesuspendeerd particulair materiaal","ThestID":8283,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Temporal variations","DutchTerm":"Temporele variatie","ThestID":8431,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Videotape recordings","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":8994,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Porcupine Abyssal Plain","DutchTerm":null}],"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","newSesDate":{"date":"2006-05-24 08:57:57.200000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","updSesDate":{"date":"2006-05-24 08:57:57.200000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}