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In the brackish water region, counts decreased drastically with the increase in salinity caused by the low level of abundance of ammonia-oxidizers in the seawater. The contribution of attached ammonia-oxidizers to the total number ranged between 50 and approximately 100%, depending on the respective load with suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the water. The presence of seven distinct species of the genus <i>Nitrosomonas</i> was established by DNA hybridizations. Based on 16S rRNA gene partial sequence analyses, four groups, comprising phylogenetically closely related species, were defined. 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