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The effect of adding material from the 2-200-nm size fraction, concentrated from seawater with ultrafiltration, on the development of phytoplankton biomass and formation of algal flocs was examined. At higher concentrations of material in this size fraction (2.3 times enrichment with virus-like particles), the buildup of phytoplankton biomass was initially delayed. After 8 d, these enrichments resulted in the formation and persistence of up to 5 times higher numbers of larger aggregates ( greater than or equal to 1-mm equivalent spherical diameter) concomitant with even higher phytoplankton biomass. 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