Chemical and biological characteristics of coral reef ecosystem at microscale/nanoscale: Effect of multiple and synergistic stresses
Casareto, B.E.; Suzuki, T.; Suzuki, Y. (2016). Chemical and biological characteristics of coral reef ecosystem at microscale/nanoscale: Effect of multiple and synergistic stresses, in: Kayanne, H. (Ed.) Coral reef science: Strategy for ecosystem symbiosis and coexistence with humans under multiple stresses. Coral Reefs of the World, 5: pp. 25-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54364-0_2
In: Kayanne, H. (Ed.) (2016). Coral reef science: Strategy for ecosystem symbiosis and coexistence with humans under multiple stresses. Coral Reefs of the World, 5. Springer: Tokyo. ISBN 978-4-431-54363-3; e-ISBN 978-4-431-54364-0. ix, 101 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54364-0, more
In: Coral Reefs of the World. Springer: Dordrecht. ISSN 2213-719X, more
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| Keywords |
Microorganisms > Bacteria
Marine/Coastal |
| Author keywords |
Coral bleaching; Nutrient; Pigment |
| Authors | | Top |
- Casareto, B.E.
- Suzuki, T.
- Suzuki, Y.
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| Abstract |
Global environmental changes are recently occurring faster than any other time. The resulting combinations of natural and anthropogenic disturbances are strongly affecting coral reef communities. Coral damage can be caused by both abiotic factors (temperature, sedimentation, nutrients inputs, ultraviolet radiation) and biotic factors (predation, overgrowth of algae, infectious diseases). These factors acting mostly in synergy had resulted in worldwide coral reef deterioration. Coral bleaching is the most impacting process that is affecting coral survival under elevated sea surface temperature and high irradiance scenario. Bleaching is well known to occur around the world; however, its mechanism is not well understood. This is due to the high complexity of the “coral holobiont” (coral in symbiosis with its zooxanthellae and a microbial community that maintains a delicate balance to keep the coral health). In this chapter a novel point of view of bleaching mechanism using micro/nano-size scales is presented: (1) the study of pigment dynamics during thermal-induced bleaching revealed that bleaching is a detoxification strategy to avoid the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), (2) the synergistic action of thermal stress with pathogenic bacteria exacerbates the bleaching process, and (3) the synergistic effect of thermal stress in a nitrate-enriched environment can impede the recovery of corals after a bleaching event, turning the corals to be more susceptible to other environmental or anthropogenic stressors. |
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