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Effects of oceanic mesoscale and submesoscale frontal processes on the vertical transport of phytoplankton
Ruiz, S.; Claret, M.; Pascual, A.; Olita, A.; Troupin, C.; Capet, A.; Tovar-Sanchez, A.; Allen, J.; Poulain, P.-M.; Tintoré, J.; Mahadevan, A. (2019). Effects of oceanic mesoscale and submesoscale frontal processes on the vertical transport of phytoplankton. JGR: Oceans 124(8): 5999-6014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015034
In: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans. AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION: Washington. ISSN 2169-9275; e-ISSN 2169-9291, more
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Keyword
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    vertical motion; ocean front; mesoscale; submesoscale; transport;phytoplankton
Authors  Top 
  • Ruiz, S.
  • Claret, M.
  • Pascual, A.
  • Olita, A.
  • Troupin, C., more
  • Capet, A., more
  • Tovar-Sanchez, A.
  • Allen, J.
  • Poulain, P.-M.
  • Tintoré, J.
  • Mahadevan, A.
Abstract
    Oceanic fronts are dynamically active regions of the global ocean that support upwelling and downwelling with significant implications for phytoplankton production and export. However (on time scales the inertial time scale), the vertical velocity is 103–104 times weaker than the horizontal velocity and is difficult to observe directly. Using intensive field observations in conjunction with a process study ocean model, we examine vertical motion and its effect on phytoplankton fluxes at multiple spatial horizontal scales in an oligotrophic region in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The mesoscale ageostrophic vertical velocity (∼10 m/day) inferred from our observations shapes the large‐scale phytoplankton distribution but does not explain the narrow (1–10 km wide) features of high chlorophyll content extending 40–60 m downward from the deep chlorophyll maximum. Using modeling, we show that downwelling submesoscale features concentrate 80% of the downward vertical flux of phytoplankton within just 15% of the horizontal area. These submesoscale spatial structures serve as conduits between the surface mixed layer and pycnocline and can contribute to exporting carbon from the sunlit surface layers to the ocean interior.
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