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Phytosterol biosynthesis and production by diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)
Jaramillo-Madrid, A.C.; Ashworth, J.; Fabris, M.; Ralph, P.J. (2019). Phytosterol biosynthesis and production by diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). Phytochemistry 163: 46-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.018
In: Phytochemistry. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD: Oxford. ISSN 0031-9422; e-ISSN 1873-3700, more
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Keywords
    Bacillariophyceae [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    Diatoms; Phytosterols; Biosynthesis; Secondary metabolism; Metabolites
Authors  Top 
  • Jaramillo-Madrid, A.C.
  • Ashworth, J.
  • Fabris, M., more
  • Ralph, P.J.
Abstract
    Diatoms are abundant unicellular marine photosynthetic algae that have genetically diversified their physiology and metabolism while adapting to numerous environments. The metabolic repertoire of diatoms presents opportunities to characterise the biosynthesis and production of new and potentially valuable microalgal compounds, including sterols. Sterols of plant origin, known as phytosterols, have been studied for health benefits including demonstrated cholesterol-lowering properties. In this review we summarise sterol diversity, the unique metabolic features of sterol biosynthesis in diatoms, and prospects for the extraction of diatom phytosterols in comparison to existing sources. We also review biotechnological efforts to manipulate diatom biosynthesis, including culture conditions and avenues for the rational engineering of metabolism and cellular regulation.
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