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Dagvlinders
Maes, D.; Bonte, D.; Broidioi, J. (2004). Dagvlinders, in: Provoost, S. et al. (Ed.) Levende duinen: een overzicht van de biodiversiteit aan de Vlaamse kust. Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud, 22: pp. 272-285
In: Provoost, S.; Bonte, D. (Ed.) (2004). Levende duinen: een overzicht van de biodiversiteit aan de Vlaamse kust. Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud, 22. Instituut voor Natuurbehoud: Brussel. ISBN 90-403-0205-7. 416, ill., appendices pp., more
In: Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud. Instituut voor Natuurbehoud: Brussel. , more

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Abstract
    Butterflies have been studied intensively in the Flemish coastal dunes. During the last 50 years a number of species have declined or became locally extinct. To date, 36 species have been recorded. Six species are were/are relatively more common in the dunes than in other parts of Flanders: Pyrgus armoricanus, Argynnis aglaja and Argynnis niobe [which have become extinct] and Aricia agestis, issoria lathonia and hipparchia semele. All these species are typical for open grasslands. Species typical for this habitat declined during the last decades while species typical for woodlands colonized the area and expanded. The main reason for the decline of typical dune species is the loss of suitable grassland habitats due to urbanization and scrub and grass encroachment as a result of a decreased grazing pressure.

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