Heads in the clouds: marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle
Rahlff, J.; Esser, S.P.; Plewka, J.; Heinrichs, M.E.; Soares, A.; Scarchilli, C.; Grigioni, P.; Wex, H.; Giebel, H.-A.; Probst, A.J. (2022). Heads in the clouds: marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle. bioRxiv 2022: 1-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.21.497027 In: bioRxiv: the preprint server for biology., more Related to:Rahlff, J.; Esser, S.P.; Plewka, J.; Heinrichs, M.E.; Soares, A.; Scarchilli, C.; Grigioni, P.; Wex, H.; Giebel, H.-A.; Probst, A.J. (2023). Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle. Nature Comm. 14(1): 6354. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5, more |  |
| Keyword | | | Author keywords | viromics, foam, rain, atmosphere, sea-surface microlayer, neuston, ice-nucleating particles, CRISPR |
| Authors | | Top | Dataset | - Rahlff, J.
- Esser, S.P.
- Plewka, J.
- Heinrichs, M.E.
| - Soares, A.
- Scarchilli, C.
- Grigioni, P.
| - Wex, H.
- Giebel, H.-A.
- Probst, A.J.
|
| Abstract | Marine viruses have thoroughly been studied in seawater, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2 % of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols and rain. Viruses detected in rain and aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses, and a genetically distinct rain virome supports that those viruses could inhabit higher air masses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to “foreign” viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization and long-range atmospheric dispersal implicate virus-mediated carbon turnover in remote areas, viral dispersal mechanisms relevant to human health, and involvement of viruses in atmospheric processes like ice-nucleation. |
| Dataset | - Rahlff, J.; Esser, S.P.; Heinrichs, M.E.; Giebel, HA.; Probst, A.J.; (2023): Flow cytometric assessment of virus-like particle, prokaryote and small phototrophic eukaryote abundances from sea foam, surface microlayer, 1-m depth, rainwater from the Swedish Skagerrak. PANGAEA, more
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