Atmospheric iron deposition: global distribution, variability, and human perturbations
Mahowald, N.; Engelstaedter, S.; Luo, C.; Sealy, A.; Artaxo, P.; Benitez-Nelson, C.R.; Bonnet, S.; Chen, Y.; Chuang, P.Y.; Cohen, D.; Dulac, F.; Herut, B.; Johansen, A.M.; Kubilay, N.; Losno, R.; Maenhaut, W.; Paytan, A.; Prospero, J.M.; Shank, L.M.; Siefert, R.L. (2009). Atmospheric iron deposition: global distribution, variability, and human perturbations, in: Carlson, C.A. et al. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 1. Annual Review of Marine Science, 1: pp. 245-278. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163727 In: Carlson, C.A.; Giovannoni, S.J. (Ed.) (2009). Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 1. Annual Review of Marine Science, 1. Annual Reviews: Palo Alto. ISBN 978-0-8243-4501-3. 466 pp., more In: Annual Review of Marine Science. Annual Reviews: Palo Alto, Calif. ISSN 1941-1405; e-ISSN 1941-0611, more |  |
| Keywords | Aerosols
Arid environments > Deserts
Climate change
Deposition
Marine/Coastal | | Author keywords | aerosol deposition; climate change; deserts |
| Authors | | Top | - Mahowald, N.
- Engelstaedter, S.
- Luo, C.
- Sealy, A.
- Artaxo, P.
- Benitez-Nelson, C.R.
- Bonnet, S.
| - Chen, Y.
- Chuang, P.Y.
- Cohen, D.
- Dulac, F.
- Herut, B.
- Johansen, A.M.
- Kubilay, N.
| - Losno, R.
- Maenhaut, W., more
- Paytan, A.
- Prospero, J.M.
- Shank, L.M.
- Siefert, R.L.
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| Abstract | Atmospheric inputs of iron to the open ocean are hypothesized to modulate ocean biogeochemistry. This review presents an integration of available observations of atmospheric iron and iron deposition, and also covers bioavailable iron distributions. Methods for estimating temporal variability in ocean deposition over the recent past are reviewed. Desert dust iron is estimated to represent 95% of the global atmospheric iron cycle, and combustion sources of iron are responsible for the remaining 5%. Humans may be significantly perturbing desert dust (up to 50%). The sources of bioavailable iron ire less well understood than those of iron, partly because we do not know what speciation of the iron is bioavailable. Bioavailable iron can derive from atmospheric processing of relatively insoluble desert dust iron or from direct emissions of soluble iron from combustion sources. These results imply that humans could be substantially impacting it-on and bioavailable iron deposition to ocean regions, but there are large uncertainties in our understanding. |
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