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A review of the nature, function, variability, and supply of pigments in salmonid fish
Putman, M. (1992). A review of the nature, function, variability, and supply of pigments in salmonid fish, in: De Pauw, N. et al. (Ed.) Aquaculture and the Environment: reviews of the International Conference Aquaculture Europe '91, Dublin, Ireland, June 10-12, 1991. EAS Special Publication, 16: pp. 245-263
In: De Pauw, N.; Joyce, J. (Ed.) (1992). Aquaculture and the Environment: Reviews of the International Conference Aquaculture Europe '91, Dublin, Ireland, June 10-12, 1991. Special Publication European Aquaculture Society, 16. European Aquaculture Society: Gent. ISBN 90-71625-10-9. 536 pp., more
In: Special Publication European Aquaculture Society. European Aquaculture Society: Bredene. ISSN 0774-0689, more
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Document type: Conference paper
Keyword
    Marine/Coastal
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  • Putman, M.
Abstract
    The yellow, orange, pink, and deep red colours in salmon and trout species are due to deposits of carotenoids. These derive from carotenoids in the diet which are deposited unchanged or with some esterification in the skin, flesh, and gonads. Astaxanthin is the carotenoid found in greatest amounts but there are traces of many others. During sexual maturity these pigments are mobilized from the muscles, transferred to gonads and pigment the eggs. Farmed fish have no access to carotenoid-containing krill, crustaceans and small fish so the necessary carotenoids must be added to the diet. Both canthaxanthin and astaxanthin are available for inclusion and both are currently permitted within the EEC. Astaxanthin is the preferred additive and salmon or trout producers are advised to utilize 50-100ppm or 35-60ppm respectively in feeds during the pigmentation phase.
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