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Paratethys pacing of the Messinian Salinity Crisis: Low salinity waters contributing to gypsum precipitation?
Grothe, A.; Andreetto; Reichart, G.-J.; Wolthers, M.; Van Baak; Vasiliev, I.; Stoica, M.; Sangiorgi, F.; Middelburg, J.J.; Davies, G.R.; Krijgsman, W. (2020). Paratethys pacing of the Messinian Salinity Crisis: Low salinity waters contributing to gypsum precipitation? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 532: 116029. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.116029
In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Elsevier: Amsterdam. ISSN 0012-821X; e-ISSN 1385-013X, more
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
    NIOZ: NIOZ files 341849
Author keywords
    Mediterranean; Miocene; evaporites; salinity; strontium; gypsum
Authors  Top 
  • Grothe, A.
  • Andreetto, F.
  • Reichart, G.-J., more
  • Wolthers, M.
  • Van Baak, C.G.C.
  • Vasiliev, I.
  • Stoica, M.
  • Sangiorgi, F.
  • Middelburg, J.J., more
  • Davies, G.R.
  • Krijgsman, W.
Abstract
    During the so-called Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC: 5.97-5.33 Myr ago), reduced exchange with the Atlantic Ocean caused the Mediterranean to develop into a “saline giant” wherein ∼1 million km3 of evaporites (gypsum and halite) were deposited. Despite decades of research it is still poorly understood exactly how and where in the water column these evaporites formed. Gypsum formation commonly requires enhanced dry conditions (evaporation exceeding precipitation), but recent studies also suggested major freshwater inputs into the Mediterranean during MSC-gypsum formation. Here we use strontium isotope ratios of ostracods to show that low-saline water from the Paratethys Seas actually contributed to the precipitation of Mediterranean evaporites. This apparent paradox urges for an alternative mechanism underlying gypsum precipitation. We propose that Paratethys inflow would enhance stratification in the Mediterranean and result in a low-salinity surface-water layer with high Ca/Cl and SO4/Cl ratios. We show that evaporation of this surface water can become saturated in gypsum at a salinity of ∼40, in line with salinities reported from fluid inclusions in MSC evaporites.
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