Enforcement capabilities and compliance in English Marine Protected Areas: The art of the possible
Clark, R.W.E.; Humphreys, J. (2020). Enforcement capabilities and compliance in English Marine Protected Areas: The art of the possible, in: Humphreys, J. et al. Marine protected areas: Science, policy and management. pp. 489-505. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00025-3 |
| Keyword | | | Author keywords | Blue Belt; Compliance; Enforcement; Fisheries; IFCA; Marine Protected Area |
| Authors | | Top | - Clark, R.W.E.
- Humphreys, J.
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| Abstract | In 2018 56% of English inshore waters (to 6 nm baselines) are within a Marine Protected Area (MPA). In these coastal waters commercial fishing is extensive and widespread and, in many instances, predates the designation of the MPAs. MPA management in English MPAs has occurred post designation. In English MPAs certain fishing activities are now restricted. The scope and complexity of the MPA regulation and compliance task in English inshore waters is, as a consequence, significant. Enforcement alone cannot provide protection to English MPAs, but is a necessary part of a coherent compliance programme, in particular where there are powerful economic incentives for non-compliance. Effective compliance necessitates effective systems, process and resources as well as a holistic strategy which genuinely integrates the economic factors in the planning process so as to significantly reduce or wherever possible reverse (counter) the incentives to non-compliance. Community engagement and participation in compliance is essential. This chapter reviews the current compliance and enforcement components of management of inshore fisheries in MPAs in England and concludes that there are opportunities for further integration of compliance management into MPA management, and that this shift is essential if the UK is to achieve its ambition of a well-managed network of MPAs. |
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