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Flocculation with heterogeneous composition in water environments: a review
Que, H.N.; Fettweis, M.; Spencer, K.L.; Lee, B.J. (2022). Flocculation with heterogeneous composition in water environments: a review. Wat. Res. 213: 118147. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118147
In: Water Research. Elsevier: Oxford; New York. ISSN 0043-1354; e-ISSN 1879-2448, more
Peer reviewed article  
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Author keywords
    Suspended particle matter; Flocculation; Heterogeneous composition;Organic matter; Microplastics; AB; Alcian Blue; CBB; Coomassie BrilliantBlue; CSPs; Coomassie stainable particles; DOM; Dissolved organicmatter; ENPs; Engineered nanoparticles; EPS; Extracellular polymericsubstances; FA; Fulvic acids; HA; Humic acids; Hm; Humin; HS; Humicsubstances; LB-EPS; Loosely bound EPS; MPs; Microplastics; OM; Organicmatter; OWFs; Offshore wind farms; POM; Particulate organic matter; SPM;Suspended particulate matter; TB-EPS; Tightly bound EPS; TEP;Transparent exopolymer particles; TOC; Total organic carbon
Authors  Top 
  • Que, H.N.
  • Fettweis, M., more
  • Spencer, K.L.
  • Lee, B.J., more
Abstract
    Flocculation is a key process for controlling the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water environments and has received considerable attention in the field of water science (e.g., oceanography, limnology, and hydrology), remaining an active area of research. The research on flocculation has been conducted to elucidate the SPM dynamics and to diagnose various environmental issues. The flocculation, sedimentation, and transportation of SPM are closely linked to the compositional and structural properties of flocs. In fact, flocs are highly heterogeneous in terms of composition. However, the lack of comprehensive research on floc composition and structure has led to misconceptions regarding the temporal and spatial dynamics of SPM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneous composition of flocs (e.g., minerals, organic matter, metals, microplastic, engineered nanoparticles) and its effect on their structure and on their fate and transport within aquatic environments. Furthermore, the effects of human activities (e.g., pollutant discharge, construction) on floc composition are discussed.
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