The hidden costs of multi-use at sea
In: Marine Policy. Elsevier: UK. ISSN 0308-597X; e-ISSN 1872-9460, more |   |
| Keyword | | | Author keywords | Marine multi-use; Transaction costs; Governance |
| Authors | | Top | - Ciravegna, E.
- van Hoof, L.
- Frier, C.
- Maes, F., more
| - Rasmussen, H.B.
- Soete, A., more
- van den Burg, S.W.K.
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| Abstract | As ocean space increasingly is used for production purposes, such as for the production of food and feed, renewable energy and resource mining, competition for space becomes a concern. A spatial solution to this is to co -locate activities in a multi -use setting. Next to the direct (financial) costs and benefits of multi -use and the societal cost and benefits, there are other factors, in the realm of legal aspects, insurance, health and safety issues and the overall governance of multi -use, that determine whether multi -use can be implemented successfully. This includes transaction costs that arise when for example non -adequate regulation, governance and insurance schemes are in place. Based on the analysis of five case studies across Europe these combined/collective transaction costs of multi -use are analysed and suggestions how to reduce and/or overcome these transaction costs are presented. |
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